International Journal of Education and Development using ICT free essay sample

Education is a socially acclimatized activity and the superbness in education has usually been correlated within fine feather teachers having a high potency of personal approach with learners. Usage of information and communication technology in education provides a wide setting for student-centered teaching process. Information and communication technologies are mostly associated with the most developed and costly computer-based technologies but not just that, it also involves radios, televisions and telephone technologies too. ICTs are useful in making the teaching and learning process efficient. The field of education has been affected by ICTs, which have undoubtedly affected teaching, learning and research (Yusuf, 2005; cited by Ajay, 2017). We will write a custom essay sample on International Journal of Education and Development using ICT or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ICTs have the potential to accelerate, enrich, and deepen skill, to motivate and engage students, to help relate school experience to work practices, create economic viability for tomorrow’s workers, as well as strengthening teaching and helping schools change (Davis Tearle, 1999; Lemke Coughlin, 1998; cited by Yusuf, 2005; cited by Ajay, 2017).Curricula are starting to emphasize capabilities and to be concerned more with how the information would be used rather than with what the information is. Modern ICTs are able to provide strong support for all these requirements and there are now many outstanding examples of world-class settings for competency and performance-based curricula that will make sound use of the availability of these technologies (Oliver, 2000; cited by Ajay, 2017). The integration and the use information and communication technologies can help stimulate the teachers and students. This can help to improve the quality of education by providing the curricula r support in difficult subject areas. To achieve this objectives, teachers need to be involve in collaborative projects and development of intervention changes strategies, which would include partnership with ICT as a tool. According to the citation of Ajay (2017), Zhao and Cziko (2001) revealed three conditions which are necessary for teachers to introduce ICT in their classrooms: teachers should believe in the effectiveness of technology; teachers should believe that the use of technology will not cause any disturbance; finally teachers should believe that have control over technology. Ajay (2017) also cited the various ways of the employment of ICT in the teaching process (Lim Chai, 2004). It can be as: a) Informative tool providing large amount of data in different formats including audios, videos, and documents that can be analyzed to get some important information; b) Situating tool providing real life situations which can be experienced by the students. Hence, making simulation and virtual reality possible. By this virtual environment, it help students understand concepts deeply; c) Constructive tool where data is manipulated and develop analysis; d) Communicative tool used to get rid of barriers to communication like space and time.

Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Example

Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Example Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Living Simply in a Modern World Essay Henry D. Thoreau preached the ideas of simplicity, and that humans needed four things to survive: clothing, food, fuel, and shelter. He says that the most basic needs should supply all of the things required d for survival. He starts an experiment by deciding to build a cabin by Walden Pond. On the cusp of the industrial revolution, He can live simply by chopping trees for fuel, building a small cabin, and hunting and gathering his food. He says you should be able to keep all your accounts on your fingers, and keeps time with the rising sun and the chirps of the animals in hisâ€Å"Walden Pond community.† With the rise of smartphones and all sorts of technology, people are always adding more â€Å"accounts† and more material items. You can live modernly but still adhere to Thoreau’s ideals of â€Å"simplicity.† People can live a modern Thoreau aligned lifestyle by becoming self-reliant or at a minimum dependence on resources. You can live closer to where y ou work, in a reasonably sized house, and commute more efficiently. Fuel supplied by modern means of solar panels or a more simple method of a wood furnace would suffice.Planting a garden eliminates going to the grocery store and saves money. So by buying a smaller sized house, planting a garden, and finding a reusable or sustainable source of fuel, you can become self-sufficient or minimally dependent and live a more simple, well-lived life in a modern world Henry D. Thoreau preaches the values of living simple as he says, â€Å"Our life is frittered away by detail Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!† (17). to the point that it is almost force fed down your throat while reading Walden Pond and Civil Disobedience. Thoreau, whose father was in the pencil business, started to work for his father and soon wanted to create a better pencil. He can create a new pencil that’s marveled upon by the industry, yet to continue produce pencils and make a quick fortune was not on his mind. A Harvar

Impacts of internet usage on Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia Essay

Impacts of internet usage on Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia - Essay Example In Arab countries like Bahrain and, Saudi Arabia bloggers were captured and affirmed. They have been slaughtered by their administrations in certain cases. The infrastructures development started in Arab countries on spring 2010 that increased the question of Internet’s right to use as a human right and disclosed the sort of force certain dictator legislature holds over the folks and the Internet (Abdulla, 2007). On the night of January 27, 2011 the Egyptian administration under President Hosni Mubarak closed down the Internet. On January 27, 2011, certain sites were blocked in Egypt. On Tuesday, January 25, 2011, the State Security examination Service, Amn El Dawla, requested Twitter administration to block it. On the next day, Face book was also closed down. The Short message service (SMS) was blocked additionally on Thursday. Renesys reported that practically all tracks to Egyptian systems were brought down in the meantime. It was ‘in addition reported that the Egypti an’ legislature closed down official Domain Name Servers (DNS). Issues concerning Egypt, Syria and Tunisia Around then the Egyptian legislature principally regulated, what informative data traversed the nation and took care of the nation through the Internet. ... Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo. The whole inner framework was handicapped. Jim Cowie, the head innovation officer of Renesys commented, â€Å"With the scope of their blackout and the extent of their connected inhabitant total, it is an uncommon event† (Hachten and Scotten, 2011). In Egypt during that timeframe, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) were sanctioned by the administration. There existed just four ISPs such as Link Egypt, Vodafone Egypt/Raya, Telecom Egypt, and EtisalatMisr. The legislature authorities requested them to close down through telephone calls. Vodafone stated on its web space that portable drivers in Egypt had been constrained to cut off utility in certain zones and had no decision in the matter. By and large, influenced by the Internet power the working-class of Egypt had no Internet admittance at their homes. According to the absence of qualified data, numerous demonstrated against the shutdown of the internet services in Egypt. Some have contended that th e shutdown's effect was a counter to the legislature's expectation as a large number of people left their homes to get informative data and consequently united to face challenges (Relations, 2011). One extending Ramses Street in Cairo was explicitly focused on the grounds that the house had an association with five main system groups in Egypt that furnished a substantial part of the Internet flood taking care of the nation. It has been discussed, if the legislature surgically tampered with the programming that aids correspondence between the Internet organizes or if they essentially slice off the ability to the routers. Face book, Twitter, and Youtube Effects Both, Face book, and Twitter were in a new way and

Competitive Markets & Free-Market Economies Essay

Competitive Markets & Free-Market Economies - Essay Example In the real world these four characteristics do not hold true. Products are not homogenous, there are some barriers to entry or exit, there is imperfect information available in the market and sometimes there are significant transaction costs. In 2010 the US dropped from the number one competitive market to the third most competitive market in the world. The number one position was occupied by Switzerland while Hong Kong came in and retained its number two spot (Pravda 2010). Although compared to other countries US is more competitive there are some industries where there is no competition. One example of such an industry is the space industry. There is just one company, NASA that is owned by government; operating in this market hence it has a monopolistic nature. It is very difficult for new firms to enter the industry given the large amount of capital needed to as initial investment. Hence it is a very non-competitive industry. Similarly there is also a non-competitive market that exists in the US defense and security industry with the FBI, CIA and police all owned by the government. There is no private competition in these industries as the government considers the matter of defense and security very serious and does not entrust these matters to private companies. On the other hand there are some very competitive industries that exist in the US. The banking industry for example is very competitive with many firms operating in the industry. A large amount of banks local and foreign, big and small are operating in America. Some examples of these banks include Bank of America, Citibank, Barclays and HSBC among others. Other examples of competitive industries include the clothing industry, automobile industry, beer industry, shoes industry and many more. The US has tried to maintain a highly competitive industry by promoting competition through its policies. The US encourages firms to enter different industries by eliminating or lowering trade barriers by passin g laws related to different industries, promoting trade through signing free trade agreements, lowering trade barriers and encouraging foreigners to invest in the country by providing them with more and more investment opportunities. In my opinion a country is competitive if there is a lot of competition among firms and they are free to choose their own industry to compete in. As the major characteristic of a competitive market is that there are many buyers and sellers in the industry hence due to their relatively small size in the market they are not able to influence market factors such as price. Hence if a market has many firms which have a small market share and are not able to influence market price, such markets can be considered as competitive. Similarly the other three characteristics of a competitive market must also be present in the market for such a market to be competitive. For a market to be labeled as a ‘

God's Existence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

God's Existence - Essay Example Irrespective of religion, every child is told about the accountability to the God. The significance and objective of the whole world gyrate around this answerability. Apart from these thoughts other deliberations that persist encompass- existence of life on the planet is by chance and no one is held responsible to some inspirational life form or soul. People belonging to this view, however, believe in fun and joy as the chief essence of life. Thus, conventionally, four chief arguments related with the existence of God emerged, encompassing- (1) the cosmological argument; (2) the teleological argument; (3) the ontological argument; and (4) the moral law argument. The present article deals with the teleological argument. This is popularly known as "the argument from design" (Greek meaning, telos- design). According to this argument, the universe confirms the presence of complex life forms, from tiniest creatures to the biggest animals and plants; everything is in a perfect order and ar e inter-linked; moreover no one modulates these living beings but they are self-modulated in a perfectly controlled manner. The designer or creator has created the life forms in a simplistic manner and therefore, He must be a perfect and well co-ordinate planner to make this world run so smoothly, maintaining the harmonization, dexterity and a perfect balance of complex life forms. Thus there must be a premeditated and decree brainpower behind these synchronizations, thus a belief emerged that a force is certain beyond the nature and thus it is something supernatural! Intense understanding, perception, prudence, rationale, acumen and intention must be present in the mind of creator while designing the universe. Therefore, teleological arguments center around diverse reasonable associations between array, motif and creator and have pursued distinct levels of exactitude. According to William Paley, heavenly bodies wander with perfect accuracy in their fixed paths the orbits. Every liv ing organism possess a complex life form meeting various metabolic processes and their requirements every second. These intricacies just happen and it is solely the creation of God. Although these arguments could convince millions but in the present scenario of developing science, understanding about the evolution of life and various life forms, evolution of planets and the universe, forces behind each movement, theories, interpretations and explanations about the happenings taking place in the universe takes the teleological arguments to some different path. According to the present arguments, spotlight lies on the fact of "fine-tuning" of the universe to support life. This is an objection to the Paley’s view as the present opposition is based on the theory of evolution and hence they are less susceptible to assault. Evolution theory is capable of explaining the biological systems and design, the progression of evolution of life on the planet. Moreover it is now explained wh y only the planet Earth could get all the congenial conditions for life and no other planet in the solar system could get all the feasible conditions to promote life. On the contrary, if universe is designed there has to be a designer, the order and complexity of the universe could not convince many believers who firmly believe on the fact that there is a designer, the creator, the God, who has meticulously designed each and everything in the nature in a perfect and ordinate manner, which looks complicated otherwise and is not possible to create under the scientific environment, i.e. under laboratory conditions. It is true that the forces created artificially to create life could generate life under laboratory conditions but were not enough to convince the existence of life outside the laboratory condit

Patterns in River Flow Data

Patterns in River Flow Data Introduction The hydrologic response of a watershed is based on interactions between landscape characteristics and climatic characteristics input; as the soil property descriptors, geomorphologic descriptors, geologic descriptors and land use varies among different watersheds, the watersheds could respond very differently to precipitation (Mohamoud, 2004). The main aim of this coursework is to assess the impact of recent climate change on river flow; to uncover its significance in affecting river flow by analysing and comparing river flow records from National River Flow Archive, and to highlight and assess the differences in the hydrologic response to climate change of the three chosen rivers with contrasting characteristics, located in the UK. The three rivers chosen to be analysed includes the East Avon, the River Dove and the River Greta, all with natural catchments (natural to within 10% at Q95), with no known major artificial changes to the catchment that would influence the flow of the rivers, in order to attempt to focus solely on the effect of climate change (CEH, n.d.). The catchments examined all similar in size: 83000m2 for River Dove at Izaak Walton, located in central England; 86100m2 for Greta at Rutherford Bridge, located in north- east England; 85800m2 for East Avon at Upavon, located in south- west England (CEH, n.d.). Figure 1 showing the locations of the three gauging station on three separate maps of the UK (CEH, n.d.) Apart from the differences in location (figure 1.), there are also contrasting catchment characteristics. East Avon at Upavon predominantly consists of 64.5% of upper greensand and lower chalk of 27%; the remaining 8.5% consists of middle chalk, upper chalk, clay, as well as gault, plus river gravel and alluvium at the bottom of the valley (CEH, n.d.). In comparison, the Greta at Rutherford Bridge catchment is known to be steep, and it mainly consists of millstone grit (CEH, n.d.). Finally, in contrast, Dove at Izzak Walton is known to be long and narrow (CEH, n.d.). It mainly consists of mudstone, millstone grit and sandstone, with underlying carboniferous limestone forming the left hand watershed (CEH, n.d.). When looking at the catchment statistics in relation to the geology, East Avon’s catchment consists of 40.3% of high permeability bedrock, with 59.7% moderate permeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). In contrast, Greta and Dove’s catchment consists of 100% of moderate p ermeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). Besides the obvious difference in geology, the sites also vary differently in terms of their climatic characteristics, as shown in table 1.1, 1.2 1.3, and finally, land cover also varies among the three river catchments, as shown in table 2 (Met Office, n.d.; CEH, n.d.). Table 1.1 averages table showing climate data for the England SE Central S District, which covers period 1981-2010 (Met Office, n.d.) Table 1.2 averages table showing climate data for the Midlands District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.) Table 1.3 averages table showing climate data for the England E NE District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.) Table 2- Catchment statistics of Land Cover for each of the three catchments (CEH, n.d.). Methodology The river flow data obtained from these three gauging stations, between the year of 1973 and 2013 were used for analysis. In order to observe and identify flow pattern for each of the chosen sites, as well as to identify any change in the hydrological regime of the three rivers due to recent climate change at the sites, the three sets of river flow data from National River Flow Archive (NRFA) was first imported on to a spread sheet, where the flow measurement/ reading of each river were sorted in to order, according to the hydrological date of the measured flow. The data was then plotted as follows: Discharge vs. time Monthly flow vs. time A flow duration curve for flow frequency analysis Mean discharge vs. Hydrological year Julian date Next, visual inspection of the graphs was carried out, and the graphs produced for each river were directly compared to assess how seasonal and time – series patterns of flow differ across the three sites, and to determine whether all three sites showed the same pattern of flow through time. Results and Discussion In order illustrate the seasonal river flow pattern in the three catchments; figure 2 shows hydrographs for the three rivers. The location of these catchments is shown in figure 1, and characteristics are presented in the introduction. Upon inspecting the hydrographs, the following observations were made (points of reference are labelled as A on the hydrographs): East Avon’s mean discharge peaks at 1.17 m3s-1, on day 130 Greta’s mean discharge peaks at 6.81 m3s-1, on day 69 Dove’s mean discharge peaks at 3.35 m3s-1, on day 82 Figure 2-Hydrographs for three rivers, showing the mean discharge vs Hydrological year Julian date, plus a graph for comparison between the rivers’ mean discharge over days According to a study on UK river flow regimes, Hannaford et al. (2012) had suggested that UK river flow regimes can be considered temperate precipitation/evapotranspiration dominated, rather than snowmelt dominated. This means that the seasonal cycle will be mainly driven by evapotranspiration, leading to higher flows in winter and lower flows in summer, with the spring and autumn as transition seasons (Hannaford et al., 2012). When referring back to the peak discharge observations above, all three rivers conformed to the same general pattern, as day 82, 69 130- the days where the mean discharge has reached the peak for the three river all lies within the winter period, indicating that the flow will be high during winter days. Furthermore, the hydrographs also shows that, for all three rivers, the mean discharge appeared to be relatively low, and have all remained low between day 280 -320 for all three rivers (section B on the hydrographs), during the summer period. Figure 3- Monthly Discharge vs. Hydrological Year Date graph for all three rivers, with a secondary axis corresponding to the mean monthly discharge curve In terms of the consistency of the flow, figure 3 shows East Avon’s maximum minimum curve, and its mean curve look very similar- the curves are almost overlapping one another which shows a low fluctuation in flow. This suggests that the flow of the river is very consistent. In contrast, the other two rivers have less consistency. This can be observed when comparing the max, min and mean curve in Dove’s graph- the general shape of the curves are very similar to one another, yet there are a few points in the graph where there are some very noticeable differences, where the mean curve tend to have a greater fluctuation and peaks at higher discharge points compared to the other two curves, thus showing that it is generally consistent, but the consistency is lower compared to East Avon. Finally, Greta’s corresponding graph displays great fluctuation; although both max and mean curves are both similar and conforms to a similar pattern, it is clear that the min curve l ooks a lot flatter, with a pattern that is not very similar to the other two curves within the graph. This indicates that Greta’s consistency between years is relatively poor. Although all three river exhibit similar seasonal flow patterns, there are still notable difference in their response time. The occurrence of lag time and the difference between the response times of the three sites can be explained by the difference in the catchment’s physical characteristics and its underlying geology. When referring back to the peak discharge data, East Avon displays a lagged response, peaking at day 130, as opposed to peaking at days closer to 82 and 69 (days of which Dove and Greta reached its peak). This significant variation can caused by East Avon’s catchment geology, as it consists of 40.3% of high permeability bedrock, with 27% of chalk in the catchment, as opposed to 0% of high permeability bedrock in the other two catchments; the high permeability bedrock and the highly permeable chalk means that groundwater storage plays a significant role in effecting the runoff regime of the East Avon catchment, which lead to East Avon’s discharge peaking at around February, towards the end of the winter period, as opposed to peaking towards the start of the winter period, like the other two rivers have. Next, in order to illustrate the reason behind Greta’s earlier peak, in comparison to Dove’s later peak at day 82 (figure 2), the physical feature of both catchments must be examined in detail. Both catchments have an identical percentage of moderate permeability bed rock, and both are similar due to the fact that the catchments both consist of Millstone Grit. However, the topography are significant different between the two catchments. Since Greta’s catchment is significantly steeper when compared to the Dove’s catchment, as illustrated in figure 6 and table 3, Greta will have a more responsive regime compared to Dove due to a quick run- off rate of precipitation. This could also provide an explanation to why the mean discharge curve in the Greta hydrograph is subjected to a greater level of daily variation in comparison to the other two sites and their respective hydrographs. Figure 4- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an additional graph (bottom graph) combing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- note that scale of Q* is in Logarithmic Scale (Base:10) Figure 5- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an additional graph (bottom graph) combing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- the scale of Q* has been adjusted to go from 0-6 for comparison Additionally, figure 4 shows that Greta’s curve has the steepest slope, followed by Dove, and then by East Avon with the flattest slope. The observations mirrored those findings above precisely; Greta’s steepest slope indicates a highly variable river, and the flow mainly consists of direct runoff (Searcy, 1959). In contrast, curves with a flatter slope (e.g. East Avon with the flattest curve) which means they have a more constant flow, and can signify the existence of surface and/or groundwater storage – in East Avon’s case, highly permeable chalk acts as storage for water, which equalized the flow of the river (Searcy, 1959). Furthermore, in figure 5, the graph also provides information on the three rivers’ frequencies of very high flows and very low flows. When employing the parameters of Q*=5 for high flow, and Q*=0.2 for low, the curves shows that Greta exhibits a significantly lower proportion of time flow lower than the Q* of 5, whereas the c urves for Dove and East Avon are very similar, with a much higher proportion of time flow less than Q* of 5, meaning that high flows occurs a lot less frequently in Dove Avon in comparison to Greta. In terms of low flow, three rivers are all dissimilar in their frequency of low flow. Greta’s proportion of flow less than 0.5 is ≈0.02, whilst Dove’s proportion is ≈0.16, with East Avon’s proportion is ≈0.34. East Avon’s higher proportion of time flow less than 0.5 means that the occurrence of low flow is more frequent in East Avon, and in comparison, Dove has got a relatively lower frequency of low flow, and Greta with the lowest frequency of low flow over the years within the sample period. Table 3- Elevation data for Greta and Dove’s catchment (CEH, 2014) Figure 6-Elevation Map of England. This map shows the significant difference in elevation between the North of England and the South of England. (Windpower Program, n.d) As seen in figure 7, the flows of all three rivers do seem to conform to a similar pattern over time, with no significant changes in the temporal pattern and frequencies of flood/ droughts. However, upon further inspection, the graph shows that the magnitude of the floods for all three rivers had increased over time; the high flow peaks have seemed to be higher in more recent years. This phenomenon can possibly be explained by global climate change; as global temperature increase, this leads to an increase in water vaporing the atmosphere. As suggested by Milly et al. (2002 cited Das et al, 2013), Kunkel et al. (2013 cited Das et al., 2013) and Trenberth (1999 cited Das et al, 2013), storms are likely to yield more extreme peak precipitation rates, which can lead to more intense floods around the globe (Groisman et al., 2005 cited Das et al, 2013). However, although the trend identified above is consistent with climate change, it is also consistent with variability driven North Atlan tic Oscillation (Hannaford, 2013). With the significant knowledge gap in the understanding of long term multi-decadal variability in flow driven by NAO, along with the lack of long term flow data available for this report, it will be premature to attribute specific steam flow trends to anthropogenic climate change (Hannaford, 2013). Figure 7- Hydrograph showing change in river discharge between 1973- 2012 Summary Conclusion In conclusion, river flow regimes of the three assessed rivers are heavily dependent on catchment geological characteristics and climate. Climate plays a major role in effecting the flow, as the relatively temperate climate in England meant that the dominant factor in effecting flow regimes are precipitation/ evapotranspiration, which leads to the occurrence in flow variation between seasons as rate of evapotranspiration varies. In relation to climate, among the three rivers, there were observed changes in peak flow and flood magnitude over time, which global climate change might be responsible for, as it can lead to precipitation extremes, which in turns lead to more run-off and higher river flow. Besides that, variation in geology also contributes to the difference in hydrology of each river, as groundwater storage can affect the rate of run- off, which in turns affects the flow and the response of the three rivers. Finally, anthropogenic influences can affect flow regime of rivers (Schneider et al, 2013). However, there is no significant evidence to show how these had modified the flow of the rivers. Reference Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 43014- East Avon at Upavon. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?43014 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 28046 Dove at Izaak Walton.. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?28046 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 25006 Greta at Rutherford Bridge. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?25006 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Groisman, P.Y.; Knight, R.W.; Easterling, D.R.; Karl, T.R.; Hegerl, G. ; Razuvaev, V.A.N. (2005) Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record. Journal of Climate, vol 18, no. 9, 1326-1350. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Hannaford, J (2013) Observed long- term changes in Uk river flow patterns: a review. A climate change Report car for water. Hannaford, J.; Buys, G. (2012) Trends in seasonal river flow regimes in the UK. Journal of Hydrology, 475. 158-174. Kunkel, K.E.; Karl, T.R.; Easterling, D.R.; Redmond, K.; Young, J.; Yin, X, Hennon, P. (2013) Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) and climate change Geophys. Res. Lett., 40 Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate – District England SE Central S [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcneyctf3 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District Midlands [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcqbgpgqh (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District England E NE [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwzegx04 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Milly, P.C.D.; Wetherald, R. T.; Dunne, K.A.; Delworth T.L. (2001) Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate Nature, 415 (2002), pp. 514–517. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Mohamoud, Y. (2004) Comparison of hydrologic responses at different watershed scales: EPA Report EPA/600/R-04/103 Searcy, J .K . (1959), Flow-duration curves : U .S . Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1542-A Schneider,C.; Laizà ©,C.L.R.; Acreman,M.C.; Flà ¶rke,M. (2013) How will climate change modify river flow regimes in Europe?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 325-339 Trenberth, K.E. (1999) Conceptual framework for changes of extremes of the hydrological cycle with climate change Climate Change, 42 (1999), pp. 327–339. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Figure 6. Windpower Program (no date) Estimating mean wind speed. [Map] Retrieved from http://www.wind-power-program.com/windestimates.htm (Last accessed on 08/11/2014)

Adolecsent Depression Essay -- Suicide Teenagers Depressed Disorder Es

Adolecsent Depression The suicide rate for adolescents has increased more than 200% over the last decade. Recent studies have shown that greater than 20% of adolescents in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of adolescents attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression. The majority of teenage depressions can be managed successfully by the primary care physician with the support of the family, says Maurice Blackman MB, FRCPC. Depression has been considered to be the major psychiatric disease of the 20th century, affecting approximately eight million people in North America. Adults with psychiatric illness are 20 times more likely to die from accidents or suicide than adults without psychiatric disorder.[1] Major depression, including bipolar affective disorder, often appears for the first time during the teenage years, and early recognition of these conditions will have profound effects on later morbidity and mortality. Is depression in adolescents a significant problem? The suicide rate for adolescents has increased more than 200% over the last decade.[2] Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer. Recent studies have shown that greater than 20% of adolescents in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of adolescents attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression.[3] Despite this, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed, leading to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which often continue into adulthood. Why is depression in this age group often missed? Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood lability, gloomy introspection, great drama and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and behavioral experimentation. The physician's challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm. Diagnosis, therefore, must rely not only on a formal clinical interview but on information provided by collaterals, including parents, teachers and community advisors. The patient's premorbid personality must be taken into account, as well as any obvious or subtle stress or trauma that may have preceded the clinical state. The therapeutic alliance is very important since the ad... ... should the patient be referred to a psychiatrist specializing in adolescents? Referral should be considered under a number of circumstances. If the physician cannot engage in conversation with the teenager because of the patient's resistance or the physician's own insecurity about dealing with this age group, then referral is suggested. This is particularly important if the depression is judged to be severe or if there have been some suicidal concerns. Referral should also be considered if the patient's condition does not improve in the expected time or if there is any deterioration or worsening of the depression despite adequate treatment. It should be stressed that the majority of teenage depressions can be managed successfully by the primary care physician with the support of the family. Works Cited: 1. Murphy, JM, Monson, RR, Olivier, DC, et al: Affective disorders and mortality: A general population study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:470, 1987. 2. Hodgma, CH, McAnarny, ER: Adolescent depression and suicide: Rising problems. Hosp Pract 127(4):73,1992. 3. Kovaks, M: Affective disorders in children and adolescents. Am J Psychol 44(2):209,1989

Family Systems Theory

Family Systems Theory: Family Cohesion When growing up families are and have been considered systems because they are made up of interrelated elements or objectives. Families are examples to show that they have regular behaviors, they have regular interactions, and they are interdependent on one another. It is believed the family can be defined as a set of interacting individuals who are related by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption.Although they are numerous in number some functions of the family include values and practices placed on theories that are used to explain patterns of living among the individuals who make up the family systems. In system theory, behaviors and family members responses influence the regulation of the family pattern and the family life pattern. Meanings and values are vital components of the family system and provide motivation and energy. Every family has a unique culture, value, structure, and history. We can choose our friends and sometimes even the people we choose to work with, but we cannot in any way choose who our family members are.We are stuck with them for better or for worse and we are bound together forever; fortunately or unfortunately. As individuals, we are each are unique in more ways than can we can even begin to list Because of this, family members don’t always get along and disagreements can be expected. Family cohesion is important. Families who have healthy levels of cohesion emotionally interact with one another and find the unspoken balance that supports us when we want our very own individual independence and in the same hand we can continue to maintain our family togetherness.Healthy family cohesion is not only strength, but a resource for families that will assist them in facing the daily challenges of family life. This system helps with assisting in maintaining a healthy marriage, and in providing a nurturing environment for all the children if present within the family. Family members from c ohesive family environments feel included and emotionally connected with the family. Low  family cohesion  indicates a  weak  emotional bond among family members. It is important to do all things possible to maintain a high family cohesion; this will keep the family system strong.

Free Essays on Hemmingways Heroic Code

In many of Hemmingway’s novels, the main character of the story follows a set of rules or guidelines for conduct known as a heroic â€Å"code.† In this code, the following principal ideals are present, honor, courage, and endurance in a life filled with stress, misfortune, and pain. The hero’s world is often violent and disorderly, and this world of gets the best of the character in the end. In following the â€Å"code† the hero finds fulfillment and helps prove his manhood and self worth. These heroes are involved in a constant battle with not only themselves or another physical being but fate itself, which proves to overcome all eventually. In both of Hemmingway’s novels, â€Å"Old Man and the Sea† and â€Å"A Farewell to Arms,† the heroic figure of the story shows though fighting and overcoming a supreme ordeal in the end both face certain tragedy. Hemmingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† is a story about an old Cuban fisherman, Santiago, who goes through the most difficult struggle of and for his life. In his small village, Santiago is the center of banter and pity among the other fisherman. Eighty-four days had past and he had not caught a fish but continued the extremely hard work of packing up and going out in the morning, spending the day on the water with limited food and drink then coming home packing up all his gear with nothing to show for it. The work involved in being a fisherman in this village is a lot for a young man let alone old Santiago. Also there were no rods or reels, each fish taken is caught on a hook at the end of a line, which rests in your hands. He had a young friend, Manolin, who was sent by his parents to work with other fishermen because of the old mans lack of success. One day Santiago planned to sail into deeper water hoping for better chances of catching a prized fish. Ea rly on he catches a small tuna and uses a fresh cut piece of flesh to bate one of his hooks. Now, deeper in the s... Free Essays on Hemmingway's Heroic Code Free Essays on Hemmingway's Heroic Code In many of Hemmingway’s novels, the main character of the story follows a set of rules or guidelines for conduct known as a heroic â€Å"code.† In this code, the following principal ideals are present, honor, courage, and endurance in a life filled with stress, misfortune, and pain. The hero’s world is often violent and disorderly, and this world of gets the best of the character in the end. In following the â€Å"code† the hero finds fulfillment and helps prove his manhood and self worth. These heroes are involved in a constant battle with not only themselves or another physical being but fate itself, which proves to overcome all eventually. In both of Hemmingway’s novels, â€Å"Old Man and the Sea† and â€Å"A Farewell to Arms,† the heroic figure of the story shows though fighting and overcoming a supreme ordeal in the end both face certain tragedy. Hemmingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† is a story about an old Cuban fisherman, Santiago, who goes through the most difficult struggle of and for his life. In his small village, Santiago is the center of banter and pity among the other fisherman. Eighty-four days had past and he had not caught a fish but continued the extremely hard work of packing up and going out in the morning, spending the day on the water with limited food and drink then coming home packing up all his gear with nothing to show for it. The work involved in being a fisherman in this village is a lot for a young man let alone old Santiago. Also there were no rods or reels, each fish taken is caught on a hook at the end of a line, which rests in your hands. He had a young friend, Manolin, who was sent by his parents to work with other fishermen because of the old mans lack of success. One day Santiago planned to sail into deeper water hoping for better chances of catching a prized fish. Ea rly on he catches a small tuna and uses a fresh cut piece of flesh to bate one of his hooks. Now, deeper in the s...

Free Essays on Bolivia

Bolivia is a country located in Central South America and to be exact with its location, it is found 17S, 65W on a compass. Quite a few neighboring countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru surround it. This is a country whose environment consists of humid and tropical climate, rugged terrain, lowland plains, soil erosion from overgrazing, and the beautiful Andes Mountain. To speak on Bolivia’s history it is part of the ancient Incan Empire known for their mineral wealth. With the original habitants be nomadic hunter-gathers the minerals at that time was not a big issue at the time. After Spaniards defeated the Incans most of the population left was summoned to become slaves. In 1825, they won their independence and named the country after the liberator, Simon Bolivar. When visiting Bolivia there are several sites to see and explore. Stopping by the Tiahuanaco Temple, Copocabaà ±a on Lake Titicaca, the village of Yumani, Sucre, and always stopping to the street markets is a most. Having the opportunity to ride on a ferryboat and see historical sites is fascinating. I would love to visit Bolivia to see for the shopping, boat rides, historical sites, their adoption program and the study abroad programs they offer. I would advice anyone who is interested in adopting under privilege children or engaging in an international study abroad program, that Bolivia is the place to go!... Free Essays on Bolivia Free Essays on Bolivia Bolivia is a country located in Central South America and to be exact with its location, it is found 17S, 65W on a compass. Quite a few neighboring countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru surround it. This is a country whose environment consists of humid and tropical climate, rugged terrain, lowland plains, soil erosion from overgrazing, and the beautiful Andes Mountain. To speak on Bolivia’s history it is part of the ancient Incan Empire known for their mineral wealth. With the original habitants be nomadic hunter-gathers the minerals at that time was not a big issue at the time. After Spaniards defeated the Incans most of the population left was summoned to become slaves. In 1825, they won their independence and named the country after the liberator, Simon Bolivar. When visiting Bolivia there are several sites to see and explore. Stopping by the Tiahuanaco Temple, Copocabaà ±a on Lake Titicaca, the village of Yumani, Sucre, and always stopping to the street markets is a most. Having the opportunity to ride on a ferryboat and see historical sites is fascinating. I would love to visit Bolivia to see for the shopping, boat rides, historical sites, their adoption program and the study abroad programs they offer. I would advice anyone who is interested in adopting under privilege children or engaging in an international study abroad program, that Bolivia is the place to go!...

Your Thoughts on Tone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Your Thoughts on Tone - Essay Example In â€Å"Second Home†, Haegele writes about how when she was a child, her father built her a doll house with his hands even though he could have purchased it (1). Haegele’s tone is nostalgic as she remembers how her mother told her about the way her father spent the winter nights building her the doll house. Haegele’s â€Å"Second Home† and Jackson’s â€Å"Growing up Black in the Whitest City in America† are similar in that both use a nostalgic tone to reminisce their childhood (1). Haegele remembers how her father natured her passion for playing with things that were authentic either because they had been handcrafted or been owned by others but did not spoil (1). As for Jackson, the memories are about how it was like to grow up a black boy in an almost all-white neighborhood. The difference in tones occurs when while Haegele uses an appreciative tone throughout the work, Jackson’s tone is more reflective. Haegele appreciates the fact that her father was caring enough to build her and her sister individual doll houses, Haegele is also appreciative of the fact that she can still play with objects that fascinate her, despite her age (1). Jackson uses a more reflective tone in trying to understand how he escaped the drugs, murders, and crimes that surrounded him in his youth (1). Jackson reflects that it was common sense that kept him alive and out of the penal system even when all around him were falling prey

Impacts of Taxation on Small and Big Businesses Essay

Impacts of Taxation on Small and Big Businesses - Essay Example ne either by an individual who is self-employed in his or her own small business or by a person who owns, manages and is the employee of his or her own business. If the treatment of tax of the income is derived from such activities differs greatly depending on the legal form in which the businesses are conducted, then the system of tax is more likely going to have a strong influence on the ways small and bug businesses are structured. Without any good reasons for favouring one legal form over the other, such distortions ought to be avoided. This will need both the same treatment of income from employment and self-employment within the personal system of tax and a similar treatment of income derived from small business and from small unincorporated business within the whole tax system (Welsh & White 2001, pp.18 – 27). As well as having these variety of legal forms, a second fundamental reason as to why small business do present vital challenges for tax design is that the income derived from the activities of small businesses do reflects a mix of rewards for labour supplied by those who work for the business and returns to the supplied capital by those who invest in the business (Button 2009, pp.389–408). The United Kingdom business community makes a huge contribution to the treasury’s coffer every fiscal year in terms of tax contribution. In the previous financial year, a total of one hundred and sixty three billion sterling pounds was paid as taxes by the business that are operating in the UK. Breaking the contribution of the business further down shows that, in addition to paying tax on the profits, businesses also contribute. This is based on their roles as the owners of the property, consumer of goods and services, employers and the impact on the environment (Adams et al. 2008, pp.101–115). It is also important to note that businesses contribute to the efficient running of the system of tax and the economy of the country, on top of their direct