Tuesday, August 6, 2019
The disabled children Essay Example for Free
The disabled children Essay The truth is that inclusion, as a system has gained nationwide attention in the last thirty years. Inclusion advocates, such as The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps, argue that all disabled children should be included. The National Council on Disability recently stated that most students with sensory impairment should be taught in regular classrooms (Special Education Report, 1993). At the very least deaf children education programs contemplating inclusion (IEP) must consider the following issues(U.S. Department of Education, 1992): communication needs and the childs preferred mode of communication; linguistic needs; severity of hearing loss and potential for using residual hearing; academic level; social, emotional, and cultural needs, including opportunity for peer interactions and communication. According to Irene Leigh, a deaf psychologist, the concept of inclusion is positive and useful for many children with disabilities, but a generalized application which does not take into consideration the special individual characteristics and needs mentioned above might have serious psychosocial repercussions for a considerable number of children and adolescents with hearing problems.(Leigh 73) One of the benefits inclusion brings is the opportunity for the student who is deaf to live at home. Deaf students who attend a special school that is beyond commuting distance must live at the school during the week. Students in an inclusion placement in their local school are able to be with their families during the week and the proximity to the area where they live provides opportunities to develop neighborhood friends. Daily association with hearing students in an inclusion setting also helps students who are deaf to develop their ability to communicate with hearing people, leading to skills they will need in later years. The study carried out by professor John Luckner, in the division of Special Education of the University of Northern Colorado, identified successful students who were deaf or hard of hearing and were receiving education in general education settings in order to examine the factors contributing to their success. Students acknowledged five main factors: their own effort and perseverance, the support from their families, the high standards their school friends set for them, the use of a variety of equipment to socialize as well as to learn (FM systems, hearing aids, text telephones, computers and close captioning) and sports which were not only enjoyable from the socializing point of view but very useful as a way of learning life skills. Dr. Ann T. Halvorsen, Professor of Special Education assures that â€Å"Inclusive settings provide far more variety in activities, and stimuli are not so easily controlled. The pace of a general education classroom is typically faster and more spontaneous. Ensuring that students have the opportunity to practice skills sufficiently in such a dynamic environment is critical†(100). Inclusion also provides good opportunities for learning the standards of the hearing world. Students who are deaf and attend schools for children who hear may be able to master the norms of hearing society better than those who are immersed in the culture of a special school for students who are deaf. It’s important to take into account that the education of deaf children needs and benefits from the inclusion of deaf adults at all stages. In fact, some years ago, many children in integrated settings did not even realize adults existed. Harris Sterling wrote about some children who thought they would become hearing when they became adults, others thought they would die or just fade away somehow since they had never had an adult role model (cited in Stone 1994). The subject of the adult role model is a very important one. It is essential that the schools make every effort to attract adult people into the school system. But they must be careful not to employ them only as aides or assistants because children will notice that the deaf person is always in a lower status position than the hearing teacher. It is really positive for children to see deaf and hearing professionals sharing power and making decisions together, this avoids the feeling that they will grow up to be forever told what to do by hearing people in the hearing world (Stone 66). Another advantage of inclusion is the possibility deaf or hard of hearing students have to choose an academic or vocational program that suits them from a wider range of choices in their home school district than in their nearest special school. Although states differ in policy and practice, there is a model for broad programming that reaches beyond state borders. The National Agenda for Moving Forward on Achieving Educational Equality for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students (2005) offers a set of priorities designed to narrow the gap between deaf and hearing students based on the belief that communication access is a fundamental human right and that every deaf and hard of hearing child must have full access to all educational services. The goals of the National Agenda consider inclusion as a good option for deaf or hard of hearing students only when it constitutes the â€Å"least restrictive environment†for them, once each individual case has been evaluated and the best placement options have been considered. Deaf and hard of hearing students should count on placement options that provide for their language and communication needs. What constitutes the â€Å"least restrictive environment†(LRE) for deaf and hard of hearing students must be determined by considering their communication and linguistic needs as well as their educational, social, emotional, cognitive, and physical abilities and needs. For some deaf and hard of hearing children, a special school is truly â€Å"least restrictive,†just as for others a regular classroom is LRE. In either case, the child’s needs, not a generic concept of LRE, must determine what is truly LRE for each individual child. According to the National Agenda, deaf and hard of hearing children are entitled to access the general curriculum. Too often the concept of â€Å"general curriculum†is confused with â€Å"least restrictive environment†or with placement in a regular classroom. The two concepts are separate and distinct. Every deaf and hard of hearing child, whether in a regular classroom or a special school or program for the deaf, should have full access to the general curriculum as consistent with his or her needs. The National Agendas success in bringing attention to the need to achieve these goals has occurred as a result of the shared roles, responsibilities and commitments of professionals, parents, and consumers throughout the United States. Inclusive education was initially seen as a special education service, but the focus is now on creating inclusive schools which unify resources and integrate programs in such a way that all students in the general education classroom are benefited. Unlike integrated or mainstreamed students, students who receive inclusive education are members of the general education classroom community. According to Halvorsen Neary :â€Å"the single most identifiable characteristic of inclusive education is membership. Students who happen to have disabilities are seen first as kids who are a natural part of the school and the age-appropriate general education classroom they  attend†(3)  Acceptance that the deaf students have social and educational skills and motives similar to those of their hearing partners may greatly stimulate the hearing majority to develop a willingness to learn about deaf language and culture. Inclusion as equals can not be possible for deaf and hard of hearing students if it is only them who have to make all the accommodations (Connor 2006). The whole general education community as well as society will benefit from inclusion, if the concept is applied conscientiously. Inclusion provides opportunities to experience diversity of society on a small scale in a classroom, develops an appreciation that everyone has unique characteristics and abilities, develops respect for others with diverse characteristics, develops sensitivity toward others limitations, develops empathetic skills, helps teachers recognize that all students have strengths, increases ways of creatively addressing challenges, develops teamwork and collaborative problem solving skills, promotes the civil rights of all individuals and supports the social value of equality. The word inclusion for deaf and hard of hearing students cannot be seen simply as a placement decision. It must refer to a philosophy which maximizes the child’s abilities and potential, facilitates communication with others, permits the child to act as a full participant in his education and promotes the development of positive self-esteem. To be included, a child must feel included. Any program or school which calls itself inclusive must meet these criteria. References Connor, M.J. (2006) Mainstream Inclusion of Deaf Children and Young People.               Principles and Tensions. Retrieved March 2009 from               http://www.sersen.uk.net/docs/deaf-inclusion.doc Halvorsen, A.T. Neary, T. (2001). Building inclusive schools: Tools and strategies               for success.  Boston: Allyn Bacon, 3 Leigh, I.W (1994) Psychosocial Implications of Full Inclusion for Deaf Children and              Adolescents. Implications and Complications for Deaf Students of the Full               Inclusion Movement, 94-2, 73 . Retrieved March 2009 from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/13/c5/05.pdf The National Agenda Steering and Advisory Committees.(2005). The National Agenda               for Moving Forward on Achieving Educational Equality for Deaf and Hard of               Hearing Students. Retrieved March 2009 from               http://www.tsd.state.tx.us/outreach/pdf/national_agenda.pdf Nowell, R. Innes, J. (1997) Educating Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing:
Monday, August 5, 2019
The Development Of The Mobile Phone English Language Essay
The Development Of The Mobile Phone English Language Essay A mobile phone is a portable electronic device for communication purposes; it offers the user to carry mobile any where the mobile has network coverage. [1] The development of mobile phone is huge in technology and usage. Mobile phone have made the whole communication comes into our hand and helps user for easy use. There are many firms involved in production of mobile phones, some of the important producers are Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, Blackberry and etc., the following headings discuss about the mobile phone origin, evolution and future of the mobile phone. Origin of Mobile Phone: As of much of last century radio telephony was used what we now refer as mobile phone or cell phone. The first mobile phone was invented in 1973, even though the concept of the cellular networks where understood in 1940s. [1] Telephone a dream invention of human has been easily taken off by the mobile phone. Mobile gives us free to carry anywhere but the landline telephones lacks. Mobile is a modern communication device which can be used for calling a person on other end, SMS, Video calling, browsing and many more applications. Earlier mobile phones will be big and cant be carried in packet and at the same time it wont offers many applications, so a development or improvement of mobile phone is highly needed. And the development came in a very quick time. Mobile Phone Evolution: The first mobile phone was very heavy and too big to carry, but the mobiles have a good growth that they have been now very small and they are up to feather touch. Mobile phone evolution has been very quick because of need of users, mobile development have been very much influenced by their manufactures. The major production of mobiles has been shared between Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, blackberry, apple and etc. The competition between these manufactures makes the mobile phone technology to grow very higher, so mobiles with advanced technology evolved; they were user friendly with many options and applications. More the advanced in mobile technology more they increase in numbers. Due to its mobility, mobile usage has been increasing very much day by day. In next ten years or so the usage of mobile phones will be unavoidable and every individual in the world tries having one for them. Evolution[5] Development of Mobile phone: This can be viewed as mobile generations. There are three generations namely 1G, 2G and 3G. The first generation mobiles are analogue one, second are digital and the third generation mobiles gives us multimedia communication. ITU refers IMT 2000 as definition of 3G. The advanced researechof IMT being studied by ITU which is known as fourth generation. [2] Half the worlds 6.5 billion people now use a mobile (up from Two billion just two years ago).[3] The growth of the mobile also depends on the softwares used in it, at present there are many OS are being employed for development of mobile. A statistics showing the market share of softwares. Symbian OS had a 46.6% share of the smart mobile devices shipped in third quarter of 2008, with Apple having 17.3% (through iPhone OS), RIM having 15.3% and Microsoft having 13.5% (through Windows CE and Windows Mobile) Other competitors include Palm OS, Qualcomms BREW, Google Android, SavaJe, Linux and MontaVista Software. [4] The usage of mobile increased in early 2000, because of decrease in rates of mobile and offers from the network providers and various attracting models Mobile phone usages: At the initial stage mobiles were used only for communication purposes, but later they were improved to provide some applications like games calculator. Further on they were enhanced to support internet (browsing) and many applications which are implemented using internet. Mobile phone along with calling purposes they also used for sending the text messages which is a easier and trustful way of sending messages. SMS is also cheap when compared to calling charges, the below graph shows the SMS usage worldwide from January 2000 to may 2002. Even SMS have played an role among young customers to buy mobiles and so increase in mobile usage. SMS Usage world wide Future mobile phone: Ever since from the invention of the mobile phone, development was very massive. Taking that into consideration the future of mobiles will be a tremendous one. I believe future of the mobile phone can be viewed in two ways i.e. technology and increase in no of users. Already numbers of users of mobile are in millions; in next ten years nearly every individual in developed and developing countries will have mobile phones. [6] Modern mobile phone [7] In the technology side development of mobile will be unimagined, because at present mobiles are changing to touch and GPRS phones. The development will be that the mobile phones can turn into minicomputer with enhanced options and I personally believe instead of touching or pressing buttons in mobiles can be developed wholly to usage of voice signals ie., the mobile can be operated with the help of users voice. So mobile will be more effective and more easy to use. Mobile phone now exits will go through a huge change in the next ten years, they will be advanced with many applications to support. In short mobile be replacing landline phones computers and be a more sophisticated smart phone. I think mobile phone will help the future even to control the satellite and will even help them to gather information about any thing in short we can we can gather information about pin to car. Conclusion: It is clearly evident from our real life that mobile phone is turning into our basic needs, so life without mobile will be hard to imagine. Even its development in the future is also unimaginable; mobile phone will turn into a electronic device that helps a man live his/her everyday life. In future I think according to my research we can control any thing from mobile from car to computer. Bibilograpy: [1] A. Gow, Richard K. Smith Mobile and Wireless Communications: an introduction chapter 3: going mobile [2] International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) Cellular and Broadband Access for the 21st Century Michael H Callendar C.Eng. M.I.E.E (Past Chairman of ITU-R Task Group 8/1) [3] Daniel Miller, mobile phones and developments Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK September 2007 [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS#cite_ref-4 [5] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg [6] Jon Agar, Constant Touch: A Brief History of the Mobile Phone [7] http://business2press.com/img/lg-winmo-65-gm730.png
Sunday, August 4, 2019
Essay --
Q 1: Discuss how the SEC has influence (if any) over the audit of Smackey Dog Food, Inc Solution: SEC has a significant influence on the audit of Smackey Dog Food, Inc because it sets certain auditing standards that need to be adhered to while conducting and audit of any organization. One of the standards is ensuring a professional independence of auditors as they carry out their audit. Keller CPA would be more objective in their opinion by maintaining independence in all maters and be free from conflict of interest in performing their professional engagement. Thus, although SEC does not possess direct control over privately held companies like Smackey, it, however, sets up generally accounting principles and disclosure requirements for all auditors to follow in order to prevent fraud and misstatement and to ensure fairness to users of audited financial statements for investment purposes or decision making. Therefore, Keller CPA would be required to follow the six generally accepted auditing standards established by ASB of the AICPA with regards to field work and reporting which were established through the influence of SEC. (Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randall J., and Beasley 2012 p. 31) Q2: Discuss the essential activities involved in the initial planning of an audit. How do these all specifically relate to Smackey Dog Food client? Solution: Keller CPA would first understand the clients’ industry operations and in particular how the clients’ business functions. This understanding will set the stage for assessing clients’ business risk, risk of significant and material misstatement of the client’s financial positions and the overall audit risk. The four major part of audit planning are: (i) Understanding internal control operatio... ...ble to third parties. Liability under SEC can also arise as well as violation of SAS 99 by not exercising professional skepticism. (Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randall J., and Beasley. 2012. P. 115-116) REFERENCIES Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randall J., and Beasley, Mark S. (2012). Auditing and Assurance Services: An integrated Approach. 14th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Hall PCAOB (Public Company Oversight Board), Auditing Standard number 9, audit planning, retrieved 1/22/14 http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/Auditing_Standard_9.aspx AICPA (American Institute of CPAs) Section 50, Principles of Professional Conduct, retrieved 1/17/14 http://www.aicpa.org/Research/Standards/CodeofConduct/Pages/et_52.aspx
Saturday, August 3, 2019
Insider vs. Outsider in The Blue Hotel, The Displaced Person, Bernice B
Insider vs. Outsider in The Blue Hotel, The Displaced Person, Bernice Bobs her Hair, and Novel In Dubious Battle Whenever a stranger enters an unfamiliar society, a clash between the outsider’s practices and society’s guidelines undoubtedly occurs. Whether the resulting conflict minimally or powerfully affects the people involved depends on the situation, but usually the results are monumental. In the short stories â€Å"The Blue Hotel,†â€Å"The Displaced Person,†and â€Å"Bernice Bobs her Hair,†and the novel In Dubious Battle, society’s fear of the stranger has severe negative consequences for the newcomer, as the community’s rules prevail over the outsiders in the end. A pattern emerges in the four stories, where society’s wariness of the outsider, whether warranted or unwarranted, triggers the rise and fall of the newcomer. The differences that each outsider possesses due to his or her own culture and upbringing, though varying from character to character, mark the source of the clash between the outsider and the community which he or she tries to enter. In â€Å"The Blue Hotel,†the Swede separates himself from the group both physically and verbally. His aloofness forces the other characters, who have already familiarized themselves with the small hotel in Nebraska, to suspect that he is dangerous. Their suspicions are indeed warranted, as demonstrated during the first card game of High-Five between Johnnie and the farmer. â€Å"The cowboy and the Easterner [watch] the game with interest, while the Swede remain[s] near the window, aloof†(39), displaying immediately that he has no intention of conforming to this societ y’s rules. After physically withdrawing from the others, the Swede does so verbally shortly after, stating that â€Å"th... ...hange a society that already has fixed practices, and he and the other workers pay the consequences. As â€Å"The Blue Hotel,†â€Å"The Displaced Person,†â€Å"Bernice Bobs her Hair,†and In Dubious Battle demonstrate, the outsiders in each story, though instilling an initial fear in the eyes of society, experience a sudden and considerable downfall in the end. Each of these defeats, some more extreme than others, result from a clash of society’s fixed guidelines with an outsider’s challenge of these rules. Whether this rebellion against society constitutes a conscious or unconscious effort, and whether the punishment results in justifiable or unjustifiable consequences, one pattern emerges. The outsider instills fear in the mind of the community, and as a defense mechanism, society takes it upon itself to conquer the stranger, leading to his or her ultimate downfall.
Friday, August 2, 2019
Anne Hutchinson :: essays research papers fc
ANNE HUTCHINSON Anne Hutchinson made the journey to the New World to break away from the Church of England. Anne wanted to feel free to express her increasingly Puritan views. Upon expressing these views, the government of Massachusetts believed that Anne was a great threat to the social and political order of Massachusetts Bay. Anne Hutchinson had claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man (Cohen, 47). Anne was basically telling the people that if they were already chosen by God to go to heaven, it did not matter whether they attended church because they were already chosen to go to heaven. Her claim also meant that if they were not chosen by God to go to heaven, it did not matter if they went to church because they were already chosen to go to hell. This also meant that they didn’t have to listen to the law of man. This was a great threat towards the government of Massachusetts. If all peoples were to live by what Anne claimed, there would not be any law-abiding citizens. The whole state would turn into a state of corruption. The government of Massachusetts was not going to let this happen. It was the very life of the colony that they should have conformity. They had to protect the unity of the colony. The government felt that Anne challenged all male supremacy. Women like Anne Hutchinson, strong-willed and very talkative, were unheard of during this time period, and had no real place in society. The role of a woman during the colonization period of the New World was basically that of a housewife. The chief duty as a wife was to her husband and children. Gathering a select group at her home, she would review and even reinterpret the ministers’ sermons in the light of her own brand of Calvinism (Bailey, 45). She taught them that every person could ask and receive an answer from God if they would listen. If Anne would continue to express her thoughts amongst other women, all women would become a challenge to all male supremacy. The government of Massachusetts was forbidding letting this happen to their society.
Changing Role of Hr Management Essay
The Changing Role of Human Resources Management The ever-changing roles within human resources management (HRM), in response to trends, are from a dynamic environment and the importance of HRM. Every changing organization has a need for a HRM to respond and implement changes. The organizations driven by e-business and technology need to be ready to respond and adapt to the environmental changes and should focus on satisfying the company’s customer needs. In this role, the HRM contributes proactively to the development of global strategic plans and objectives. This essay will explain the changing roles in human resources management to the trends of: (a) globalization, (b) technology, (d) diversity, (e) e-business, and (f) ethics. Globalization The globalization of a business is the major challenge in human resources within the management of the business, new competitive aspects, and the cultural diversities are adding frequently (Gale Group, 1999). To reach the demands, the HRM is developing new business procedures and practices to adopt the shifting patterns of business. The human resources must deal with numerous challenges like maintaining proper coordination from the business activities in multiple locations around the globe. Human resources must prepare and have an understanding of the increase in global competition. The human resources departments are gaining awareness globally for the development of the human resources teams with activities dealing with the multicultural diversity. Technology The performance of HRM relies largely on the technological aspects. With the introduction and use of advanced technologies, the abilities and performances of the human resources are in need of required output. Businesses are incorporating advance technologies for meeting the demand of the consumers. This development has the human resources beginning to train continuously on the newer technologies in an effort to create processes, which are more effective. HRM is requiring changes in its practices to accommodate the advance computerized technologies and information systems (Frantzreb, 1998). All work done manually by the department must change to a more technical form to maintain and control the processes and data for a business to be more effective and productive. The technological skills within the human resources require coordination with the advance technology-based processes. Diversity The multicultural practices in business are making the environment within a business more diversified. In business environment today, a human resources professional come from multiple cultures and are working side-by-side in the same company meeting the same goals. For these professionals, it is paramount in maintaining a complete and thorough understanding of the morals, ethics, and values of the multiple cultures. The human resources professionals are developing innovative ways of managing the knowledge to deal with the diversity of the cultures. In addition, business environments that have diverse cultures are educating the HRM to perform the activities to the local consumer driven demands. Fast implementations in cultures are because of advancing technologies, which are causing the human resources to change its practices (Collins & Clark, 2003). E-Business In an effort to eliminate the work burden, businesses are transforming normal operations to the e-business technological form. Business in the electronic form is causing the HRM to transform and develop newer procedures and practices. The human resources of companies have to maintain new skills and change the understanding from the brick and mortar style of business to the more advanced technological business environment, which is in a computerized form. To advance the performance levels, the HRM is starting to incorporate training in information technology to the human resources professionals in an effort to maximize the adaptation to the rapid changes to the practices for the e-business model (Mitchell, 2001). The human resources professional is requiring the computer and Internet-based business technologies to follow the accounting and marketing practices. Ethics In addition to being competitive, business professionals must maintain an even balance with the organizations ethics (Vickers, 2005). The HRM must create a business environment that is suitable with the company’s ethics policies. The HRM must maintain the interests of the stakeholders to an equal level without any discrimination. The first priority must be to the consumers’ best interest. To accomplish and maintain a balance between maximizing profits and maintaining consumers’ satisfaction, the HRM must make the business’s practices in such a manner. Conclusion Human resources management must be a major section within the business’s environment, which must adapt its roles to accommodate the ever-changing trends of the global practices. The HRM roles must not change for only a single aspect, but simultaneously alters according to all the factors. The most important aspect is in globalization. Other aspects like technology, as with e-business, makes the need for the knowledge of professionals within the HRM to be more technologically advanced. The ethics and diversities in business demand the management to maintain the vision of its employees to an equal level.
Thursday, August 1, 2019
21st Century Management Skills Essay
Being a successful manager in the 21st century takes many skills that can be placed into three categories: Management Style, Communication, and Employee Relations. Historically, managers have mostly fallen into the Theory X type manager, meaning they pushed for production at any cost to the employee. The manager would assume that most people dislike work and avoid it whenever possible. People responded to punishment and negative reinforcement, and also that employees wanted to be directed and did not want the responsibility of making their own decisions. The 21st century manager will be much the opposite, seeing the employee as the number one asset. They see the employee as being driven and embracing responsibility, while being loyal to the company due to a positive reward system. Managers will stand back allowing for self-direction, and employee creativity and imagination to be tapped into. Next, communication is key to the success of any organization. One important skill for a manager is being multicultural, and/or multilingual – being able to speak another language, and to understand and adapt to differing cultural cues. This allows for a diverse work environment with less culture shock and improved human relations. Information will flow equally up and down the organization; employees will be kept informed about the Key Operating Indicators of the company, such as Internal PPM Scrap, Efficiency, On Time Delivery, etc. Allowing for a visual representation of how the organization is doing, and making the employees feel more connected; in turn increasing productivity, decreasing scrap, pushing for quality and on time delivery – while being able to track improvements. Finally, organizations have changed their outlook on customer relations, by making their employees their internal customers. Employees will be used as guides for continuous improvement of processes and policies throughout the organization. This will allow the employee to form loyalty and commitment, knowing they have a say in how things work. Managers will be team leaders and coaches to new employees, meaning everyone is helping everyone else; allowing employees to embrace change. Employees with this new commitment will be more likely to be promoted from within with a wealth of company information and knowledge, helping them to renew the cycle and become better managers themselves.
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